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Interactive Solar System Physics Engine

A high-fidelity celestial mechanics simulation that balances astronomical accuracy with interactive performance, enabling real-time exploration of our solar system's complex dynamics.

Celestial Mechanics Implementation ⚛️

Orbital Dynamics

  • Keplerian Motion ✅
    r = a(1 - e²)/(1 + e·cos θ)
    θ = ω·t + θ₀
    where: a = semi-major axis, e = eccentricity,
    ω = angular velocity, t = time

    Implements elliptical orbits with precise eccentricities, from Mercury's pronounced 0.205 to Neptune's nearly circular 0.010.

  • Axial Characteristics ✅

    Incorporates unique planetary tilts, from Venus's retrograde 177.3° to Uranus's perpendicular 97.8°, affecting seasonal variations and rotational dynamics.

  • Simplified Physics ℹ️

    N-body gravitational interactions and Lagrange points are omitted for performance, focusing instead on primary orbital relationships.

Planetary Properties 🪐

Orbital characteristics and rotational properties:

Inner Planets
  • Mercury: e=0.205, tilt=0.03°
  • Venus: e=0.007, tilt=177.3° ↺
  • Earth: e=0.017, tilt=23.5°
  • Mars: e=0.094, tilt=25.2°
Gas Giants
  • Jupiter: e=0.049, tilt=3.1°
  • Saturn: e=0.057, tilt=26.7°
  • Uranus: e=0.046, tilt=97.8° ⟂
  • Neptune: e=0.010, tilt=28.3°

Satellite Systems 🌙

Orbital periods relative to parent bodies, showcasing the diverse timescales in our solar system:

Inner System
  • Earth's Moon: 13.4 orbits/year
  • Mars's Phobos: 3.14 orbits/day
  • Mars's Deimos: 0.79 orbits/day
Jovian System
  • Io: 1.77 day period
  • Europa: 3.55 days
  • Ganymede: 7.15 days
  • Callisto: 16.69 days
Saturnian System
  • Titan: 15.95 days
  • Enceladus: 1.37 days
  • Rhea: 4.52 days
  • Mimas: 0.942 days
  • Iapetus: 79.32 days
Outer Moons
  • Uranian: Miranda (1.413d) to Oberon (13.5d)
  • Neptunian: Triton (5.877d, retrograde)
  • Plutonian: Charon (6.387d) to Hydra (38.2d)

Technical Architecture 🔧

Rendering Pipeline

  • Dynamic Resolution ✅
    detail = baseDetail / zoom
    lineWidth = baseWidth / zoom
  • Coordinate Transformations ✅
    worldToScreen(x, y) = (x·zoom + offset.x, y·zoom + offset.y)
    screenToWorld(x, y) = ((x - offset.x)/zoom, (y - offset.y)/zoom)

Visualization Features

  • Orbital Trails ✅

    200-point dynamic trails with opacity gradients (0 to 0.5), visualizing complex orbital patterns and epicyclic motion.

  • Scale Adaptations ✅

    Proportional but non-linear scaling preserves visual clarity while maintaining relative relationships.

  • Time Dilation ✅

    Accelerated temporal progression (1s ≈ 16 Earth days) enables observation of long-period phenomena.

Implementation Notes 📝

This simulation prioritizes educational value and interactive engagement while maintaining scientific accuracy in relative motions and relationships. The visualization employs sophisticated rendering techniques including gradient-based trails, atmospheric effects, and dynamic scaling to create an immersive exploration of celestial mechanics.